Mourning and Melancholia in Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell...

Mourning and Melancholia in Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls Ernest Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) begins with a quotation from John Donne’s â€Å"Meditation XVII.† With this epigraph, Hemingway identifies the source of his title and defines the connections achieved between human beings through mourning.: Donne’s argument begins, â€Å"No man is an island,† and it concludes with an assertion of our bond to the dead: â€Å"never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.† Proper mourning acknowledges the losses to our self in the death of another. Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls depicts such connections to the dead and examines the emotional effects of incomplete mourning in terms that parallel Freud’s own†¦show more content†¦In both works, Hemingway praises the volunteers who died fighting to protect republican values. In an introduction to the â€Å"Eulogy† written after World War II, Hemingway scolded America for its failure to support these â€Å"premature antifascists† (Nelson 26). At another point, he explains this failure: The majority of the career diplomats of England, France, and the United States , are fascist, and it is they who supply the erroneous information on which their foreign offices and state departments act (Hem on War, 293). The ideologies of the diplomats led to the great bloodbath of the Second World War. Hemingway helps us to mourn the deaths of Jordan and the other volunteers because he affirms that they are, in fact, unacknowledged instances of our own losses. Yet, many of the volunteers in the International Corps during the Spanish Civil War felt betrayed by Hemingway’s depictions of literary and historical characters and events. Some of the veterans criticized the lack of political ideology in the central character, the literary self-indulgence of the love relationship between Jordan and Maria, and the negative depictions of several of the leaders of the Republican forces. Pilar’s narrative describing the massacre of civilian villagers provoked the sharpest criticism. According to Milton Wolff, many veterans felt that Hemingway had 2 Page 3 ignored fascist atrocities and betrayed loyalist soldiers who had been killed or wounded in Spain. Wolff also

What Protection Does The Probationer Have Against Improper...

Well, this all seems pretty simple and straight forwards right? I mean if you are on probation and you do something you shouldn’t have, then you will most likely be violated and suffer the consequences. So what protection does the probationer have against improper procedures and sentences you may ask? Well, there are four such cases in which a state or local government violated the rights of the accused probation violator, and as a result, the United States Supreme Court had to step in. These cases laid the groundwork to ensure that probationers are granted their right to due process under U.S. law. On June 17, 1959, in Spokane, Washington, Jerry Mempa was convicted of taking a stolen vehicle for a joyride. The presiding judge determined that a sentence of probation for two years was adequate for the crime committed. Unfortunately, Mempa who appeared to have been stuck in his criminal ways, was arrested for burglary only a few months later. Of course the county attorney moved that Mempa’s probation be revoked. The judge listened to the testimony of the probation officer, terminated probation, and resentenced Mempa to 10 years in prison. Seems legit right? Well in 1965 Mempa filed a petition stating that he his rights had been violated. Mempa stated that not only was he not represented by legal counsel during this hearing, but he was not even told he had the right to have it. Although the Washington Supreme Court denied his appeal, the United States Supreme Court

Belinda Placing Blame in Alexander Popes The Rape of the...

Belinda Placing Blame in Alexander Popes The Rape of the Lock I will be examining lines 147-160 of Canto IV in The Rape of the Lock. In this selection, Belinda speaks in a monologue, apparently regretting past actions that have caused her the loss of her lock. However, it becomes clear that she is exaggerating her loss and the preventive measures she could have taken. By citing radical changes that would have been necessary to prevent the occurrence, she makes it clear that it is very difficult for a woman to escape men. In this manner, she is able to lay most of the blame for the rape of the lock on the nature of men rather than her own vain lifestyle. During her exaggerated monologue, Belinda will refer to events earlier†¦show more content†¦For her, the entire day was a terrible day that will live in infamy forever. In lines 149-150 she says that she would be ten times happier now if she had never even seen Hampton Court. These first four lines introduce the mood of the passage, with Belinda implying that she regrets having l ived life the way she has. By saying Hampton-Court these Eyes had never seen! (Pope IV. 150) she implies regret at having spent time at Hampton-Court and her actions there. This lock may symbolize her virginity, which indeed was of great pride and value to women of the day. Had she known that this opulent lifestyle would lead to the loss of her lock, or metaphorically, the loss of her virginity through rape, she may have lived a more modest life. In lines 150-151 Belinda is no longer solely blaming herself as she goes on to suggest that she is not completely at fault for what has transpired. She makes the observation that she is not in any way the first woman to have ever made the mistake of trusting men. Many other young virgin women before her have also been lured by the love of the courts, popularity, and the social life only to be betrayed in various ways. In lines 153-154 she speaks of how she would rather have not been admired and sought after and instead lived secluded in some distant northern land or island. This may be implying that she should have lived like religious puritan women. These women led chaste lives and many lived on the sparselyShow MoreRelatedAlexander Pope Essay6204 Words   |  25 PagesThe Rape of the Lock Context Alexander Pope was born in London in 1688. As a Roman Catholic living during a time of Protestant consolidation in England, he was largely excluded from the university system and from political life, and suffered certain social and economic disadvantages because of his religion as well. He was self-taught to a great extent, and was an assiduous scholar from a very early age. He learned several languages on his own, and his early verses were often imitations of poets

Marriage Is The Most Neglect Form Of Abuse Against Women

Jessica Cenatus ANT 2301 Professor Cervone 15 April 2015 Marital Rape Marriage is rape is the most neglect form of abuse against women. It has been stated that marital is motivated by laws,the reportings, and gender inequality . History: Marital rape and the foundation of exemption has dated back to the 1700’s, where the first documented legal statement of marital rape occurred in 1736. Sir Matthew Hale, who at the time was the chief justice of England published a statement stating that a husband cannot be persecuted for raping his wife. But the husband cannot be guilty of a rape committed by himself upon his lawful wife, for by their mutual matrimonial consent and contract the wife hath given up herself in this kind unto the†¦show more content†¦Through the years Acts and laws have been passed to help women gain equality, protection, and rights but no immediate change affected the legality of marital rape. Until the 1970’s in the United States, memeber of acts and movements fought to criminalize marital rape. On July 5,1993, marital rape became a crime in all 50 states in at least one section of the sexual offense codes. Like the domino effect, the laws begin to gain national attention ac ross the world and countries begin to considered passing laws in their country. Although majority of the legal reforms have helped victims report and seek legal help, marital rape is still not handled as serious as other forms of rape. Societal acceptance of the traditional sex-role stereotypes has resulted in maintaining the view that marital rape is not considered a serious crime.Traditionally, a woman’s role in marriage is the caregiver, to stay at home, take care of the home and husband, cook, etc. The male held the dominant role in the house in the marriage, sohe is in charge of all decisions. if things were not done in a way the husband wanted physical and sexual punishment would take place. There are many factors that contribute to the cultural bias( that marital rape is less serious, and the victim is more to blame than in cases of stranger

The Significance of Sibling and Peer interaction on Children Free Essays

Within the field of child psychology much emphasis has been placed on the relationship and interactions of mother and child (Harris, 1998; Pinker, 2002). This essay intends to highlight the significance of another kind of interaction, that of the child and his/her siblings and peers, with the view to show how this type of interaction can have an impact on subsequent development. In the process, the essay will evaluate the research carried out and the evidence gained within this area by way of critical analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on The Significance of Sibling and Peer interaction on Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now As an added aid the essay will take examples from the died material: Media Kit Part 1, Video Band 2: Zero to Hero as supplied by Open university (2006). The type of interaction mainly focused upon here is play; as this is the catalysis by which young children, from toddler-hood onwards, engage with other children. Littleton and Mill (2005) recognize this type of interaction as ‘important sites for development’ where new skills can be acquired and tested out in ways that could not with adults. To help better define this type of relationship between sibling and peers it is perhaps best to distinguish them from the other main type of relationship that children find homeless in. Schaffer, (1996) uses the term vertical relationship to describe a type of relationship that is characterized by an inequality of social power and knowledge level between adult and child. It is marked also by a complementarily of roles whereby the child may ask for help and a parent or caregiver may offer it. This is in contrast to the horizontal relationship that is marked more so for its reciprocity and equality of social power and knowledge. A good example being between two children of similar age. This peer relationship is similar in nature to hat of sibling relationships however as Schaffer (1996) notes, in this case the sibling relationship has the unique quality of being able to share both characteristics of, on the one hand reciprocity, whereby siblings can co-operate successfully in play situations and on the other, a marked age difference can see the older sibling as part time teacher and guide. This idea would have had its beginnings in the early social constructivism perspective. Bigotry (1986) purported the belief that interaction and collaboration with peers equal and more capable, promotes learning and creates what he called a Zone of Proximal Development, where children of different abilities learn from each other. One of the methods they do this is by what Schaffer (2003) describes as ‘scaffolding whereby support is offered for learning however the task is not simplified. The ability to play with others has also been described as a ‘skilled international accomplishment’ because of the complex skills involved, such as sensitivity to the needs of others, negotiation and conflict management skills (Littleton and Mill, 2005). But to play with people on must have the ability to Join in with others. In the video Zero to Hero supplied by Open University (2006), Professor Robert Winston lists certain factors that affect a child’s ability to Join in with others including premature birth, shyness and laughter. Smith et al. , (1999) sees laughter as an important social signal for children within play fighting both for the child to use and for the child to interpret others meaning of it. Smith et al. , (1999) also cite the ability to regulate emotion, turn-taking skills and the ability to understand another person’s point of view as important social skills, not Just added for successful social interaction but are actively developed and practiced in play situations. Open University (2006) illustrates these points by showing the use of classic experiments such as a version of the ‘marshmallow experiment (Muscle, 1974) where a child is sat in front of a marshmallow and told that he/she can have twice the amount if they can wait a specified time. Its been suggested from results that children able to wait or ‘delay gratification’ are better able to control emotions and is a better indication of academic and social success in their teens than IQ scores. Also being able to hold back like this does increase a child’s popularity In another example children of about three years are shown how to play Which hand is the coin in game’ where a person places a coin in one hand in full view of the child sitting opposite. The hand is then placed behind the back and both hands are re- presented closed for the child to guess which hand the coin is now in. Open University (2006) suggests that most children at this age cannot play this game from the alternative position as they believe that the other person already knows which hand the coin is in. This idea could be seen to come from the Paginating concept of ‘egocentrics’ whereby the child’s dominance of their own perceptions leaves them unable to see things from another’s perspective. Pigged elucidated this aspect through his Three Mountains Task (Pigged and Inhaler, 1972) Counter to this however, Open University (2006) go on to show the child named ‘Rubin’ as not only able to play the game, but also able to predict What other children will do’. They imply the reason for this as a result of his home life dynamic. Here, Rubin lives with his two brothers and all have different fathers suggesting a lot of interaction with different types of people but mainly that play with his siblings is significant. This emphasis on sibling interaction as a cause for Robin’s advancement, when held up against Piglet’s stage theory of intellectual development (in Dates, Cheesy and Wood, 2005), suggests that early and sustained interaction with siblings can contribute to a change in normal developmental cognitive structures. This assumption is arrived at through the underlying nature of any stage theory where, by definition imply distinct boundaries between stages where independent processes take place (Amounts, 2009). Piglet’s theory places Robin’s changes as occurring by the end of his second, Pre-operational stage or at the beginning of his Concrete operational stage where the child is moving away from egocentric thinking. The age put on this stage of development is around six years, notably different from Robin’s three. In another study by Dunn (1988), children from a very young age were shown to have the ability co-operate with each other and engage in complex types of play such as fantasy play whereby other identities were taken on requiring different forms of language (Corsair, 1986). Dunn (1988) even showed that children as young as eight months were able to share and recognize the mood of a sibling and by fourteen months had the ability to co-operate in another’s goals. However, the idea that examples can be found that find children performing better then Pigged would have originally predicted is not something new. Donaldson Hiding the Policeman experiment is a case in point (Donaldson and Hughes, 1978), as are other examples (Miscarriage and Donaldson, 1974; Light et al. , 1979). The intent of this essay at this point however, is not to argue the individual merits of Paginating theory, for even Donaldson criticisms can be regarded as an enhancement of the theory rather than a dismissing out of hand. It can be suggested that her argument is based on children’s reasoning being regarded as more sophisticated then first proposed, with the emphasis now to be placed within the social context for which a situation occurred, I. . That things make ‘human sense’ to the child (Dates et al. , 2005). Instead the point here is to show that by using this influential developmental approach that the significance of peer and sibling interaction can be more clearly en. For it should also be noted that Pigged himself valued this cognitive development aspect of peer relationships, referring to it as socio-cognitive conflict where he argued that these interactions exposed the child to conflicting views from people who were of equal status to themselves thus motivating a rethink of their own understandings. The power imbalance of adult’s interactions lends to this (Dates et In light of what has been said so far it could be argued that peer and sibling relationships contribute to advancement in cognitive and social skills. However, as Cantor et al. (1999) warns that social competence should not be conceived as a static set of abilities and that other factors in the child’s environment should also be considered to contribute too child’s development. And so taking again our real life example ‘Rubin’, one would expect that his advanced developmental and social skills would lead too socially more successful life. To the contrary Rubin was reported by almost half his class (and later by assessment) as displaying somewhat anti-social behaviors. One reason Open University (2006) gives for this is a lack of concentration, which, it is hoped, will be remedied with fish oil supplements. The second reason, it is suggested is partly due to instability within the home environment. Robin’s mother is pregnant and this is causing tensions with her partner. The point to be drawn from this however, is that although play and interaction with siblings and peers is important for a child’s development it should not be taken as a prescription for normal or ‘healthy patterns’ of development (Schaffer, 1996) at least by western industrialized standards. Instead a more holistic approach should be adopted with regard to the multi-dimensional dynamic of a person’s developmental thaw from birth to maturity. Perhaps a good model to consider would be Sombreros (1987) Transactional model of development. There are limitations however of psychologists accounts in this area. One such being the lack of research and evidence into the ever growing use of new technologies by young people when engaging in social activity. Maybe (2003) notes that the prevalence of mobile phone use has created an environment that allows for young people to have twenty-four hour contact with each other without parental interference thus, providing a greater level of privacy and independence. However, it would also be noted that Dunn (2004) has valued this privacy aspect of friendship in early interactions as it aids young people in ciphering out the ‘intricate balance of power and status between people’ as well as giving them experience in relationships different from that which they share with their parents. This could also be construed as the beginnings of independence. Another limitation is that the majority of the research noted here has been carried out in westernizes societies. How to cite The Significance of Sibling and Peer interaction on Children, Papers

Marketing Management and Strategy

Question: Explain marketing evaluation with help of an example. Answer: Market evaluation is the determination of the strategy that can be seen in the market place implemented by different organization (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). Normally, strategies are the most uncertain procedure and most advertently prone to failure. Strategy is more like saying we should double the company sales to enlarge the business but the statement does not illuminates as to how we can double the sales. In the global world hundred of strategies are made every day so that they can curve out different tunnels to reach their successive goals. Evaluation of those strategies assists the business aspirants to develop knowledge as to how strategies can be made and how certain tactics can make those strategies relevant for application. IKEA was established by Ingvar Kamprad. They started selling furniture after five years and in January 2008 it was marked as the biggest furniture retailer. Most recently they have initiated the eco friendly furniture business which has gained a lot of fame in marketplace. Their innovative ways to evolve in global market place has made them famous. IKEA is an organization which promotes that throwing away wrecked furniture is not the option one should choose when recycling and reusing can occur (Sjgren 2015). What happens when the so called life of furniture ends? What ominous outcome does it face? The questions are little too humane for the furniture but IKEA asked and come with the solution of recycling and reusing the furniture to revitalize their live and also reducing the wastage of woods. Their target is those people who want to wash their hands of their old furniture. According to a journal published by Yang et al. 2013, recycling the disposable furniture is the technique that is innovative and also marketable. The strategy is not devoid of tactics. The company head Howard is intuitive and has provided good channels through which people can sell the recyclable furniture (Las Vegas Review-Journal, 2016). The idea is quite challenging and definitely has prospective value. Their approach is genuine and people are quite happy as they are paying for the objects they were throwing away. IKEA has adapted to the digital culture and they promises in not- so- far future people will be able to buy substitute parts for their broken household items. People will be able order for their broken household parts on the company site and in return they will mail the user with the blueprints that will have instructions about the procedure of repairing that object. They will provide hinges and screws or even with the whole part so that user can repair them without taking expert assistance. Now this is called an idea that can change the face of global market. Digital and market effectiveness of a product holds great importance in global market. IKEA h as come up with the strategy that is market effective and digitally significant (Maier et al.2012). The price of their furniture is lower compared to other companies and their sales rate is higher. Marketing evaluation of IKEA has assisted in analyzing the practicability of the techniques that they have implemented. The organization firstly promotes ecological values (Passaro et al. 2015). Secondly, the organization has implemented innovative idea that is still rare in the global market. IKEA has also taken initiative of recycling clothes and textiles. The organization fully depends on the recyclable objects to make their own line of products. But global market is changing every day. Sooner or later this idea will also be implemented by other marketers also. Successful strategies are like freshly baked cakes, once they are out of the oven everyone wants to have it. Same will happen with this strategy also. Now the question is what plans IKEA has for the future. Has their strategist already started scratching their heads or they are still not done with basking in the light of success? Only the time will tell. Reference: Maier, A., Suarasan, M.M. and Nicoara, F.D., 2012. Innovation-a Must for the Durable Development.Management Marketing,7(3), p.479. Passaro, P., Perchinunno, P. and Schirone, D.A., 2015. Green Marketing and Sustainable Development: A Statistical Survey on Ikea Customers Perception. InComputational Science and Its Applications--ICCSA 2015(pp. 130-145). Springer International Publishing. Sjgren, H., 2015. Design by IKEA: A Cultural History. By Sara Kristoffersson. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014. viii+ 148 pp. Illustrations, figures, references, notes, index. Cloth, $29.95. ISBN: 978-0-8578-5814-6.Business History Review,89(02), pp.364-367. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge. Yang, C., Liu, Z., Wang, H. and Shen, J., 2013. Reusing design knowledge based on design cases and knowledge map.International Journal of Technology and Design Education,23(4), pp.1063-1077.